The vertical and horizontal distribution of roots in northern hardwood stands of varying age

نویسندگان

  • Ruth D. Yanai
  • Byung B. Park
  • Steven P. Hamburg
چکیده

Coring methods cannot reveal the distribution of roots with depth in rocky soil, and fine roots are typically sampled without regard to the location of trees. We used quantitative soil pits to describe rooting patterns with soil depth and distance to trees in northern hardwood stands. We sited three 0.5 m2 quantitative soil pits in each of three young (19–27 years) and three older (56–69 years) stands developed after clear-cutting. Live roots were divided into diameter classes delimited at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 mm; dead roots were not distinguished by size. Mean total live-root biomass was 2900 ± 500 g·m–2 in older stands and 1500 ± 400 g·m–2 in young stands. The root mass in the 2–20 mm class was 2.7 times greater in the older stands (p = 0.03); fine-root (<2 mm) biomass was 1.5 times greater (p = 0.12), suggesting that fine-root biomass continues to increase past the age of canopy closure in this forest type. Root biomass density declined with soil depth, with the finest roots (<0.5 mm) declining most steeply; roots were found at low densities well into the C horizon. We analyzed root biomass density as a function of the influence of nearby trees (represented as the sum of basal area divided by the distance from the pit) and found that fine as well as coarse roots reflected this influence. In systems where this is the case, root measurements should be made with attention to patterns of tree distribution. Résumé : Les méthodes de carottage ne permettent pas d’observer la distribution des racines en fonction de la profondeur dans les sols rocheux et les racines fines sont typiquement échantillonnées sans tenir compte de l’emplacement des arbres. Les auteurs ont utilisé des fosses d’observation quantitative pour décrire les patrons d’enracinement de forêts de feuillus nordiques. Ils ont placé trois fosses d’observation quantitative de 0,5 m2 par peuplement dans trois jeunes peuplements (19–27 ans) et dans trois peuplements plus âgés (56–69 ans) issus d’une coupe totale. Les racines vivantes ont été divisées par classes de diamètre dont les limites étaient fixées à 0,5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 et 100 mm; les racines mortes n’ont pas été classées selon leur taille. La biomasse totale moyenne des racines vivantes était de 2900 ± 500 g·m–2 dans les peuplements plus âgés et de 1500 ± 400 g·m–2 dans les peuplements plus jeunes. La masse racinaire dans la classe de 2 à 20 mm de diamètre était 2,7 fois plus grande dans les peuplements plus âgés (p = 0,03); la biomasse de racines fines (<2 mm) était 1,5 fois plus grande (p = 0,12), ce qui indique que la biomasse de racines fines continue d’augmenter une fois passé l’âge de fermeture de la canopée dans ce type de forêt. La densité de la biomasse racinaire diminuait avec la profondeur du sol et celle des racines les plus fines (<0,5 mm) diminuait le plus rapidement; des racines ont été observées profondément dans l’horizon C mais leur densité était faible. Ils ont analysé la densité de la biomasse racinaire en fonction de l’influence des arbres avoisinants (représentée par la somme de la surface terrière divisé par la distance de la fosse) et ils ont découvert que les racines fines aussi bien que les grosses racines subissaient cette influence. Dans les systèmes semblables, la mesure des racines devrait être effectuée en portant attention aux patrons de distribution des arbres. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Yanai et al. 459

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تاریخ انتشار 2006